The format
The game is allotted 5 days. Each day consists of three sessions (excluding pink ball cricket for the moment). Each session consists of 30 bowling overs.
First session: The first session is played before lunch.
Second session: It is played post-lunch and before tea
Third session: This session is played post-tea until the umpire declares ‘stumps’ which mean the end of the day’s play
If any session fails to meet the 30 over the requirement, an attempt to reduce the deficit of each overs in subsequent sessions is made, and the playtime may get extended.
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Lead
Lead is a technical term in the language of test cricket, which indicates the run difference by which a team with a higher score is ahead than the opposition.
Trail
It is the literal opposite of lead. It indicates the no. of runs a batting team is behind than the no. of runs scored by the team that batted previously.
Declaration
The captain can “declare” the innings and ask the opposition to bat as per his wish. There are two ways in which an inning can end in test cricket. One is bowled all-out and the other, declaration.
Follow-on
Before going further, let us make ourselves abreast with the concept of the follow-on.
The first necessary condition for a follow on is a lead on the first innings. “What kind of lead” is as follows:
- In a test match of 5 or more days (consisting of two innings), the side which bat firsts and leads by at least 200 runs will have the option of imposing follow-on on the opposition, i.e. ask them to bat once again (which will make opposition team’s second inning)
- If due to some reason, the test match ceases to be a 5-day match and the no. of play days get reduced, then follow on the margin of 200 will be changed to:
- 150 runs in case of a 3- or 4-days match
- 100 runs in case of a 2-days match
- 75 runs in case of a 1-day match
The captain must notify his decision of follow-on to the opposite team captain and the umpires.
Modernizing the Test: The Decision Review System
The introduction of DRS in all formats of the game has given a fair chance to the teams in case of an umpiring error.
As for test format, each team will get two reviews every inning. In case a team feels, the umpire is wrong with his decision, the captain can opt for the review. But there is a catch!
If the review if for a catch, then there is a simple yes-no scenario. Either the umpire is right or wrong. The third umpire takes the review. The team loses the review if umpire decision is correct, and if not, the team retains the review.
But, there exists a concept of umpire’s call.
In the above pic, more than 50% area of the ball is not hitting the stumps. In such case, if a team opts for a review, then the third umpire will stay with the on-field umpires call. Same goes for Leg Before Wicket (LBW) scenario.
If the review turns out to be an umpire’s call, then the team which opted for the review will not lose it.
Test Cricket Rules for bowling
Each team will get a new ball at the start of every inning. After 80 overs have been bowled with the ball, the bowling team can ask for a new ball. The change of ball is notified to the batsmen by the umpires.
In case, the ball gets lost or disfigured before the quota of 80-overs, the umpires need to replace it with a ball which has comparable wear with the previous ball. No new ball will be allotted. Both the teams will be notified by the on-field umpires.
Tea and Lunch break
Break is as important as the game! It helps the players in regaining energy after a tiring session. The duration of tea-break is 20 minutes, and the duration of lunch is 40 minutes In the above scorecard, we can see both teams, India and South Africa batted for two innings. The victory to India came after the team batted for two sessions.
In the 3rd test of the same series, the above scorecard shows the concept of an innings defeat. Innings defeat means the winning team batted only for one session and still managed to defeat the opposition.
Now we learn about rules of ODI SERISE
1. The Rule of Time Out: If a player becomes out / retired heart then the forthcoming batsman should take the guard from the umpire within 3 minutes or come to the crease to play otherwise the forthcoming batsman shall be declared out.
2. No appeal No Out: If a batsman gets out of some way (like LBW, caught behind etc.) and the fielding team does not appeal for out then the batsman can not be given out even if the batsman was clearly out. Appeal is mandatory as per the
3. If Bails don’t fall then Not Out: A batsman is declared out if a bail is completely removed from the top of the stumps. If the bails don’t fall even after the ball hit the wicket then the batsman shall be declared Not out. In August 2017, Sri Lankan pace bowler Vishva Fernando was bowling to Mahendra Singh Dhoni, and the ball hit the middle stump but the bails did not fall so Dhoni declared not out.
4. The Rules for injured Players: If the injured player goes outside the field and returns on the field without informing the umpire then 5 runs are cut from the score of fielding team.
5. Out Obstructing the field: Either batsman is out; obstructing the field and if he wilfully attempts to obstruct or distract the fielding side by word or action.
6. Out if Hit the ball twice: The striker is out if he hit the ball twice with any part of his body or bat before the ball has been touched by a fielder.
7. Returning the ball to a fielder: Either batsman is out if (during the play time) he uses the bat or any part of his person to return the ball to any fielder without his consent.
8. Mankading Out: This is a kind of run out. It happens when a bowler; before releasing the ball or without completing his usual delivery swing, attempt to run out the non-striker if the non-striker tries to run from crease before the delivery of the ball.
9. Shot Playing Time: Normally it happens that when a bowler is ready to throw the ball, the batsmen should be ready to play the shot. But if a batsman is not ready to play the shot within 2 minutes, then he is given first warning and if he repeats this mistake, then the umpire is authorised to award 5 runs to the fielding team.
10. Disturbing to Batsmen: If a fielding player disturbs the batsman before paying the shot and ball is thrown then this ball shall be declared dead ball by the umpire and 5 runs are also awarded to batting team.
11. Only 4 Substitute Players: In the one day cricket; each team captain shall nominate 11 players plus a maximum of 4 substitute fielders in writing to the ICC Match Referee before the toss.
12. If there is any change in the playing eleven after the submission of final nomination then this can be done only with the consent of the captain of the opposition team.
13. Out on No Ball: Generally it is a rule that a batsman is not out on the no ball. But the batsman can be out even on the no ball in these ways;
a. Hitting the ball twice
b. Obstructing the field
c. Run out
14. The ICC match referee shall not be from those countries between them the one day match is going to be played.
15. No team has the right to object to the appointment of umpire and match referee.
16. During the match, no umpire shall be replaced, although this can be done in exceptional circumstances such as injury or sickness.
17. Retired Out: If a batsman retires for any reason; the innings of that batsman may be resumed only with the consent of the opposing captain. If for any reason his innings is not resumed, that batsman is to be recorded as Retired – out.
18. No runs to be scored: If the striker is dismissed/caught, runs from that delivery completed by the batsmen before the completion of the catch shall not be scored or counted as run.
19. Slow over rate: At least 14.28 over should be thrown in the one day match every hour, otherwise the captain of the fielding side shall be penalised for slow over rate.
20. Review decision: If any side wants to take review, then it has to take this decision within 15 seconds of the ball being thrown. To review, the player has to mark the 'T' with both hands and this mark has to be raised at least till the height of the head.
21. A total of 420 minutes is allotted for whole match.
22. During the game the water should not be poured on the pitch.
As a summary, it can be said that almost every cricket lover knows the general rules of cricket, but the rules written above are rarely known to every cricket fan. If anyone does not know all cricket rules then his enjoyment of the game get reduced. Apart from this, the above-mentioned rules are often asked in many interviews, so pay special attention to these rules.
Number's of rules changed due to technology.....
Taking any decision is going to easy
Changing rules of these sport technology is very important...
Now we learn about one of the most aggressive format of these game is T20
Let's us discusse about rules of T20 format....
The laws of Twenty20 cricket essentially follow those of traditional one-day, 40 and 50-over cricket matches. In Twenty20 cricket, each team is allowed one innings to try and score as many runs as they can within a period of 20 overs (120 balls).
However, whilst Twenty20 shares many of the laws of the longer versions of the one-day game, it also possesses certain individual rules that are designed to speed up the passage of play. Though some cricket traditionalists have argued that these specific laws cheapen the image of cricket, they are ultimately designed to give Twenty20 a fresh and more exciting edge.
Specific rules of Twenty20 cricket
- The ‘Free Hit’ – The ‘Free Hit’ serves to penalise a bowler if he delivers a no-ball by overstepping his mark. The Free Hit is awarded following such an infringement and basically means that the batsman will not be given out for that delivery, unless he is run out. The batsman is essentially given a free swing, without fear of the repercussions.
- Five-run penalties – In Twenty20 cricket, an umpire may award one of the team’s five bonus runs if he feels the opposition is needlessly wasting time. This is designed to maintain the flow and pace of a Twenty20 match.
- 75-minute time limits – Bowling teams are forced to complete their 20 overs within 75 minutes (i.e. three minutes and 45 seconds per over). A bonus of six runs is given to the batting team if the bowling side has not begun its twentieth over before their 75 minutes is up. Once again, this rule aims to maintain the rhythm and pace of the Twenty20 game.
- Bowling restrictions of Twenty20 – In a move once more designed to favour the batting team, individual bowlers are only allowed to bowl for a total of four overs during a Twenty20 game. This obviously limits the damage that can be inflicted on the batting side by a single, in-form bowler.
- The 90-second rule – Once a wicket has fallen in a Twenty20 match, the following batsman must take up his position at the wicket or bowler’s end within 90 seconds. If they are unable to do so, they could potentially be disqualified from batting in the match.
- Fielding restrictions of Twenty20 – Twenty20 cricket laws only allow five fielders to stand on the leg side of the batsman at any one time. Similarly, only two fielders are allowed to stand outside of the inner circle in the first six overs of play. This number increases to five fielders in the remaining 14 overs. These restrictions are designed to increase the flow of runs in a match, in order to create more of a spectacle for watching fans.
- Bowl-outs – Akin to the penalty shootout in many other sport, bowl-outs take place at the end of tied Twenty20 matches. Five bowlers from each side are allowed to bowl twice at the wicket, with no batsman standing in its way. The team to topple the most wickets wins the game.
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